Science support
Science
support
Injectable Trace Mineral Supplementation
Scientific Support
BEEF COWS
1. Mundell L.R., Jaeger J.R., Waggoner J.W., Stevenson J.S., Grieger D.M., Pacheco L.A., Bolte J.W., Aubel N.A., Eckerle G.J., Macek M.J., Ensley S.M., Havenga L.J., Olson K.C. (2012). Effects of prepartum and postpartum bolus injections of trace minerals on performance of beef cows and calves grazing native range. Professional Animal Scientist, 28: 82–88.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15232/S1080-7446(15)30318-1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15232/S1080-7446(15)30318-1
2. Preedy G.W., Hill S.L., Stevenson J.S., Weaber R.L., Olson K.C. (2018). Injectable trace-mineral supplementation improves sperm motility and morphology of young beef bulls. Professional Animal Scientist, 34(1): 1–9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15232/pas.2017-01667
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15232/pas.2017-01667
3. Palomares R.A., Gutierrez A., Hoyos-Jaramillo A., Rodrigues M.C., Urdaneta J., Bittar J.H.J., Hurley D.J. (2024). Role of trace minerals in cow’s reproductive function and performance: a clinical theriogenology perspective. Clinical Theriogenology, 16: 10529.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.58292/CT.v16.10529
DOI: https://doi.org/10.58292/CT.v16.10529
4. Sales J.N.S., Pereira R.V.V., Bicalho R.C., Baruselli P.S. (2011). Effect of injectable copper, selenium, zinc and manganese on the pregnancy rate of crossbred heifers (Bos indicus × Bos taurus) synchronized for timed embryo transfer. Livestock Science, 142(1–3): 59–62.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2011.06.014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2011.06.014
5. Vedovatto M., Moriel P., Cooke R.F., Costa D.S., Faria F.J.C., Almeida G.T., Pereira M.W.F., Franco G.L. (2019). Effects of a single trace mineral injection at beginning of fixed-time AI treatment regimen on reproductive function and antioxidant response of grazing Nellore cows. Animal Reproduction Science, 211: 106234.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106234
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106234
6. Vedovatto M., Moriel P., Cooke R.F., Costa D.S., Faria F.J.C., Chase C.C.L., Pereira M.W.F., Franco G.L. (2019). Effects of trace mineral supplementation 30 d before fixed-time AI on reproduction of grazing Nellore cows. Livestock Science, 225: 9–14
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2019.05.011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2019.05.011
DAIRY COWS
1. Silva T.H., Guadagnin A.R., Cerri R.L.A., Menta P.R., Machado V.S., Santos J.E.P. (2022). Effect of injectable trace mineral supplementation on peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocyte function, antioxidant enzymes, health and performance in dairy cows in semi-arid conditions. Journal of Dairy Science, 105(2): 1398–1410.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2021-20624
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2021-20624
2. Ganda E.K., Bisinotto R.S., Vasquez A.K., Teixeira A.G.V., Machado V.S., Foditsch C., Bicalho M., Lima F.S., Stephens L., Gomes M.S., Dias J.M., Bicalho R.C. (2016). Effects of injectable trace mineral supplementation in lactating dairy cows with elevated somatic cell counts. Journal of Dairy Science, 99(9): 7319–7329.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-10989
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-10989
3. Machado V.S., Oikonomou G., Bicalho M.L.S., Knauer W.A., Gilbert R., Bicalho R.C. (2012). Investigation of postpartum dairy cows’ uterine microbial diversity using metagenomic pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Veterinary Microbiology, 159(3–4): 460–469.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.04.033
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.04.033
4. Machado V.S., Bicalho M.L.S., Pereira R.V., Caixeta L.S., Knauer W.A., Oikonomou G., Gilbert R.O., Bicalho R.C. (2013). Effect of an injectable trace mineral supplement containing selenium, copper, zinc, and manganese on the health and production of lactating Holstein cows. Veterinary Journal, 197(2): 451–456.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.02.022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.02.022
5. Guadagnini M., Biscarini F., Tolasi C., Moroni P. (2026). Effect of trace mineral injection during the dry period on the occurrence of clinical mastitis in the first 30 days post-partum in dairy cows. Veterinary Journal, 106686.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106686
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106686
FATTENING/GROWING CATTLE
1. Hartman S.J., Genther-Schroeder O.N., Hansen S.L. (2018). Comparison of trace mineral repletion strategies in feedlot steers to overcome diets containing high concentrations of sulfur and molybdenum. Journal of Animal Science, 96(6): 2504–2515.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky088
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky088
2. Hong S., Rients E.L., Franco C.E., Hansen S.L., McGill J.L. (2024). Impact of an injectable trace mineral supplement on the immune response and outcome of Mannheimia haemolytica infection in feedlot cattle. Biological Trace Element Research, 203: 1281–1295.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-024-04251-z
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-024-04251-z
3. Grossi S., De Luca S., Dembech M., Maggi M., Sala G., Meineri G., Tarantola M., Intorre L., Pretti C., Ferrante V., Guccione J. (2025). Injectable trace minerals administration to beef cattle at arrival: effects on growth performance, respiratory disease and serum antioxidant status. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 24(1): 416–425.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2025.2457509
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2025.2457509
4. Roberts S.L., May N.D., Brauer C.L., Gentry W.W., Weiss C.P., Jennings J.S., Richeson J.T. (2016). Effect of injectable trace mineral administration on health, performance, and vaccine response of newly received feedlot cattle. Professional Animal Scientist, 32(6): 842–848.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15232/pas.2016-01543
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15232/pas.2016-01543
YOUNGSTOCK
1. Bittar J.H.J., Palomares R.A., Hurley D.J., Hoyos-Jaramillo A., Rodriguez A., Stoskute A., Hamrick B., Norton N., Adkins M., Saliki J.T., Sanchez S., Lauber K. (2020). Immune response and onset of protection from Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 infection induced by modified-live virus vaccination concurrent with injectable trace minerals administration in newly received beef calves. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 225: 110055.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110055
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110055
2. Hoyos-Jaramillo A., Palomares R.A., Bittar J.H.J., Hurley D.J., et al. (2025). Circulating T cell subpopulations in dairy calves infected with Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 and Bovine herpes virus 1 following modified-live virus booster vaccination: Effects of the administration route and trace mineral supplementation. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, Volume 280, 2025, 110871.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110871
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110871
3. Herman, N., Batard, A., Geollot, S., Devambez, T., Durel, L. (2023). Effect of Injectable or Oral Trace Mineral Supplementation on Beef Calf Health Status and Growth. J Vet Heal Sci, 4(3), 117-127.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.0095.v1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.0095.v1
4. Hoyos-Jaramillo A., Palomares R.A., Bittar J.H.J., Hurley D.J., Saliki J.T., Stanley S., Gutiérrez A., Urdaneta J., Hamrick B., Miller K., Rodríguez A., Graham J., Rizzo R. (2025). Effects of injectable trace minerals (Se, Zn, Cu, and Mn) administration on the immune response elicited by primary intranasal modified-live virus vaccination in dairy calves. Veterinary Research Communications, 49: 76.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-024-10630-7
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-024-10630-7
5. Megahed A.A., Davis J.L., Miele M., Hoyos-Jaramillo A., Graham J., Palomares R.A. (2023). Evaluation of the stress-reducing effect of trace mineral injection in beef calves during weaning transition. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 37(3): 1160–1170.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16721
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16721
6. Vedovatto M., Ferreira M.F.L., Edwards A.K., Gurie J.A., Marcon H., Ranches J., Reis B.R., Vieira D.G., Lima E.A., Santos M., Franco G.L. (2024). Impact of a trace mineral injection at weaning on growth, behavior, and inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune responses of beef calves. Translational Animal Science, 9(1): txae177.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae177
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae177
7. Palomares R.A., Hurley D.J., Bittar J.H.J., Saliki J.T., Woolums A.R., Moliere F., Havenga L.J., Norton N.A., Clifton S.J., Sigmund A.B., Barber C.E., Berger M.L., Clark M.J., Fratto M.A. (2016). Effects of injectable trace minerals on humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to Bovine viral diarrhea virus, Bovine herpes virus 1 and Bovine respiratory syncytial virus following administration of a modified-live virus vaccine in dairy calves. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 178: 88–98.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.07.003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.07.003
8. Bates A., Wells M., Laven R.A., Simpson M. (2019). Reduction in morbidity and mortality of dairy calves from an injectable trace mineral supplement. Veterinary Record, 184: 680.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.105082
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.105082
9. Teixeira A.G.V., Lima F.S., Bicalho M.L.S., Kussler A., Lima S.F., Felippe M.J., Bicalho R.C. (2014). Effect of an injectable trace mineral supplement containing selenium, copper, zinc, and manganese on immunity, health, and growth of dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science, 97(7): 4216–4226.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-7625
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-7625